Deriving from Multiple Base Interfaces 從多個基接口派生
本文摘自"Introducing Visual C# 2010"（Adam Freeman, Apress, 2010）一書第12章關於介面的內容。結構定義
CREATE TABLE
創建新表。
語法：
sql-command ::= | CREATE [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ] TABLE table-name ( |
sql-command ::= | CREATE [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ] TABLE [database-name . ] table-name AS select-statement |
column-def ::= | name [type] [[ CONSTRAINT name] column-constraint ]* |
type ::= | typename | |
column-constraint ::= | NOT NULL [ conflict-clause ] | PRIMARY KEY [ CHECK ( expr ) [ conflict-clause ] |DEFAULT value | COLLATE collation-name |
constraint ::= | PRIMARY KEY ( column-list ) [ conflict-clause ] | UNIQUE ( column-list ) [ conflict-clause ] | CHECK ( expr ) [ conflict-clause ] |
conflict-clause ::= | ON CONFLICT conflict-algorithm |
CREATE
VIEW
創建一個視圖（虛擬表），該表以另一種方式表示一個或多個表中的數據。
語法：
sql-command ::= | CREATE [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ] VIEW [database-name . ] view-name AS select-statement |
例子：
CREATE VIEW master_view AS
SELECT * FROM sqlite_master
WHERE type='view';
說明：創建一個名為master_view的視圖，
其中包括sqlite_master這個表中的所有視圖表。
CREATE
TRIGGER
創建觸發器，觸發器是一種特殊的存儲過程，在用戶試圖對指定的表執行指定的數據修改語句時自動執行。
語法：
sql-statement ::= | CREATE [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ] TRIGGER trigger-name [ BEFORE | AFTER ] database-event ON [database-name] table-name trigger-action |
sql-statement ::= | CREATE [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ] TRIGGER trigger-name INSTEAD OF database-event ON [database-name . ] view-name trigger-action |
database-event ::= | DELETE | |
trigger-action ::= | [ FOR EACH ROW | FOR EACH STATEMENT ] [ WHEN expression ] BEGIN trigger-step ; [trigger-step ; ] |
trigger-step ::= | update-statement | insert-statement | |
例子：
CREATE TRIGGER update_customer_address
UPDATE OF address ON customers
BEGIN
UPDATE orders SET address = new.address WHERE customer_name = old.name;
END;
說明：創建了一個名為update_customer_address的觸發器，
當用戶更新customers表中的address字段時，
將觸發並更新orders表中的address字段為新的值。
比如執行如下一條語句：
UPDATE customers SET address = '1 Main St.'
WHERE name = 'Jack Jones';
數據庫將自動執行如下語句：
UPDATE orders SET address = '1 Main St.'
WHERE customer_name = 'Jack Jones' ;
CREATE
INDEX
為給定表或視圖創建索引。
語法：
sql-statement ::= | CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX index-name |
column-name ::= | name [ COLLATE collation-name] [ ASC | DESC ] |
例子：
CREATE INDEX idx_email ON customers (email); 說明：為customers表中的email創建一個名為idx_email的字段。
結構刪除
DROP
TABLE
刪除表定義及該表的所有索引。
語法：
sql-command ::= | DROP TABLE [database-name . ] table-name |
例子：
DROP TABLE customers;
DROP
VIEW
刪除一個視圖。
語法：
sql-command ::= | DROP VIEW view-name |
例子：
DROP VIEW master_view;
DROP
TRIGGER
刪除一個觸發器。
語法：
sql-statement ::= | DROP TRIGGER [database-name . ] trigger-name |
例子：
DROP TRIGGER update_customer_address;
DROP
INDEX
刪除一個索引。
語法：
sql-command ::= | DROP INDEX [database-name . ] index-name |
例子：
DROP INDEX idx_email;
數據操作
INSERT
將新行插入到表。
語法：
sql-statement ::= | INSERT [ OR conflict-algorithm] INTO [database-name . ] table-name [ ( column-list ) ] VALUES( value-list ) | INSERT [ OR conflict-algorithm |
UPDATE
更新表中的現有數據。
語法：
sql-statement ::= | UPDATE [ OR conflict-algorithm ] [database-name . ] table-name SET assignment [ ,assignment |
assignment ::= | column-name = expr |
DELETE
從表中刪除行。
語法：
sql-statement ::= | DELETE FROM [database-name . ] table-name [ WHERE expr ] |
SELECT
從表中檢索數據。
語法：
sql-statement ::= | SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ] result [ FROM table-list ] |
result ::= | result-column [ , result-column]* |
result-column ::= | * | table-name . * | expr [ [ AS ] string ] |
table-list ::= | table [join-op table join-args]* |
table ::= | table-name [ AS alias] | ( select ) [ AS alias ] |
join-op ::= | , | [ NATURAL ] [ LEFT | RIGHT | FULL ] [ OUTER | INNER | CROSS ] JOIN |
join-args ::= | [ ON expr] [ USING ( id-list ) ] |
sort-expr-list ::= | expr [sort-order] [ , expr [sort-order]]* |
sort-order ::= | [ COLLATE collation-name ] [ ASC | DESC ] |
compound_op ::= | UNION | UNION ALL | INTERSECT | EXCEPT |
REPLACE
類似INSERT
語法：
sql-statement ::= | REPLACE INTO [database-name . ] table-name [ ( column-list ) ] VALUES ( value-list ) |REPLACE INTO [ |
事務處理
BEGIN TRANSACTION
標記一個事務的起始點。
語法：
sql-statement ::= | BEGIN [ TRANSACTION [name]] |
END TRANSACTION
標記一個事務的終止。
語法：
sql-statement ::= | END [ TRANSACTION [name]] |
COMMIT TRANSACTION
標誌一個事務的結束。
語法：
sql-statement ::= | COMMIT [ TRANSACTION [name]] |
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
將事務回滾到事務的起點。
語法：
sql-statement ::= | ROLLBACK [ TRANSACTION [name]] |
其他操作
COPY
主要用於導入大量的數據。
語法：
sql-statement ::= | COPY [ OR conflict-algorithm ] [database-name . ] table-name FROM filename [ USING DELIMITERS delim ] |
例子：
COPY customers FROM customers.csv;
EXPLAIN
語法：
sql-statement ::= | EXPLAIN sql-statement |
PRAGMA
語法：
sql-statement ::= | PRAGMA name [ = value] | PRAGMA function ( arg ) |
VACUUM
語法：
sql-statement ::= | VACUUM [index-or-table-name] |
ATTACH DATABASE
附加一個數據庫到當前的數據庫連接。
語法：
sql-statement ::= | ATTACH [ DATABASE ] database-filename AS database-name |
DETTACH DATABASE
從當前的數據庫分離一個使用ATTACH DATABASE附加的數據庫。
語法：
sql-command ::= | DETACH [ DATABASE ] database-name |
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