結構定義
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CREATE TABLE
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創建新表。
語法:
sql-command ::=
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CREATE [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ] TABLE table-name ( column-def [ , column-def ] * [ , constraint]* )
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sql-command ::=
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CREATE [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ]
TABLE [database-name . ] table-name AS select-statement
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column-def ::=
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name [type] [[ CONSTRAINT name] column-constraint ]*
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type ::=
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typename | typename ( number ) | typename ( number , number )
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column-constraint ::=
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NOT NULL [ conflict-clause ] | PRIMARY KEY [ sort-order] [ conflict-clause ] | UNIQUE [ conflict-clause ] |
CHECK ( expr ) [ conflict-clause ] |DEFAULT value |
COLLATE collation-name
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constraint ::=
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PRIMARY KEY ( column-list ) [ conflict-clause ] |
UNIQUE ( column-list ) [ conflict-clause ] |
CHECK ( expr ) [ conflict-clause ]
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conflict-clause ::=
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ON CONFLICT conflict-algorithm
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CREATE
VIEW
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創建一個視圖(虛擬表),該表以另一種方式表示一個或多個表中的數據。
語法:
sql-command ::=
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CREATE [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ]
VIEW [database-name . ] view-name AS select-statement
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例子: CREATE VIEW master_view AS SELECT * FROM sqlite_master
WHERE type='view';
說明:創建一個名為master_view的視圖,
其中包括sqlite_master這個表中的所有視圖表。
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CREATE
TRIGGER
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創建觸發器,觸發器是一種特殊的存儲過程,在用戶試圖對指定的表執行指定的數據修改語句時自動執行。
語法:
sql-statement ::=
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CREATE [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ]
TRIGGER trigger-name [ BEFORE | AFTER ] database-event
ON [database-name] table-name trigger-action
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sql-statement ::=
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CREATE [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ]
TRIGGER trigger-name INSTEAD OF database-event
ON [database-name . ] view-name trigger-action
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database-event ::=
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DELETE | INSERT | UPDATE | UPDATE OF column-list
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trigger-action ::=
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[ FOR EACH ROW | FOR EACH STATEMENT ] [ WHEN expression ] BEGIN trigger-step ; [trigger-step ; ]
* END
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trigger-step ::=
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update-statement | insert-statement | delete-statement | select-statement
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例子: CREATE TRIGGER update_customer_address
UPDATE OF address ON customers BEGIN UPDATE orders SET address = new.address WHERE customer_name = old.name; END;
說明:創建了一個名為update_customer_address的觸發器,
當用戶更新customers表中的address字段時,
將觸發並更新orders表中的address字段為新的值。
比如執行如下一條語句:
UPDATE customers SET address = '1 Main St.'
WHERE name = 'Jack Jones';
數據庫將自動執行如下語句:
UPDATE orders SET address = '1 Main St.'
WHERE customer_name = 'Jack Jones' ;
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CREATE
INDEX
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為給定表或視圖創建索引。
語法:
sql-statement ::=
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CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX index-name ON [database-name . ] table-name ( column-name [ , column-name ]* ) [ ON CONFLICT conflict-algorithm ]
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column-name ::=
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name [ COLLATE collation-name] [ ASC | DESC ]
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例子: CREATE INDEX idx_email ON customers (email); 說明:為customers表中的email創建一個名為idx_email的字段。
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結構刪除
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DROP
TABLE
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刪除表定義及該表的所有索引。
語法:
sql-command ::=
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DROP TABLE [database-name . ] table-name
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例子: DROP TABLE customers;
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DROP
VIEW
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刪除一個視圖。
語法:
sql-command ::=
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DROP VIEW view-name
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例子: DROP VIEW master_view;
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DROP
TRIGGER
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刪除一個觸發器。
語法:
sql-statement ::=
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DROP TRIGGER [database-name . ] trigger-name
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例子: DROP TRIGGER update_customer_address;
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DROP
INDEX
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刪除一個索引。
語法:
sql-command ::=
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DROP INDEX [database-name . ] index-name
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例子: DROP INDEX idx_email;
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數據操作
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INSERT
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將新行插入到表。
語法:
sql-statement ::=
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INSERT [ OR conflict-algorithm] INTO [database-name . ] table-name [ ( column-list ) ] VALUES( value-list ) | INSERT [ OR conflict-algorithm ] INTO [database-name . ] table-name [ ( column-list ) ] select-statement
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UPDATE
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更新表中的現有數據。
語法:
sql-statement ::=
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UPDATE [ OR conflict-algorithm ] [database-name . ] table-name SET assignment [ ,assignment ]* [ WHERE expr]
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assignment ::=
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column-name = expr
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DELETE
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從表中刪除行。
語法:
sql-statement ::=
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DELETE FROM [database-name . ] table-name [ WHERE expr ]
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SELECT
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從表中檢索數據。
語法:
sql-statement ::=
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SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ] result [ FROM table-list ] [ WHERE expr] [ GROUP BY expr-list] [ HAVING expr] [compound-op select]* [ ORDER BY sort-expr-list] [ LIMIT integer [( OFFSET | , ) integer ]]
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result ::=
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result-column [ , result-column]*
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result-column ::=
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* | table-name . * | expr [ [ AS ] string ]
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table-list ::=
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table [join-op table join-args]*
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table ::=
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table-name [ AS alias] |
( select ) [ AS alias ]
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join-op ::=
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, | [ NATURAL ] [ LEFT | RIGHT | FULL ] [ OUTER | INNER | CROSS ] JOIN
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join-args ::=
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[ ON expr] [ USING ( id-list ) ]
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sort-expr-list ::=
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expr [sort-order] [ , expr [sort-order]]*
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sort-order ::=
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[ COLLATE collation-name ] [ ASC | DESC ]
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compound_op ::=
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UNION | UNION ALL | INTERSECT | EXCEPT
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REPLACE
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類似INSERT
語法:
sql-statement ::=
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REPLACE INTO [database-name . ] table-name [ ( column-list ) ] VALUES ( value-list ) |REPLACE INTO [ database-name . ] table-name [ ( column-list ) ] select-statement
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事務處理
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BEGIN TRANSACTION
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標記一個事務的起始點。
語法:
sql-statement ::=
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BEGIN [ TRANSACTION [name]]
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END TRANSACTION
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標記一個事務的終止。
語法:
sql-statement ::=
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END [ TRANSACTION [name]]
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COMMIT TRANSACTION
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標誌一個事務的結束。
語法:
sql-statement ::=
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COMMIT [ TRANSACTION [name]]
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ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
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將事務回滾到事務的起點。
語法:
sql-statement ::=
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ROLLBACK [ TRANSACTION [name]]
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其他操作
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COPY
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主要用於導入大量的數據。
語法:
sql-statement ::=
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COPY [ OR conflict-algorithm ] [database-name . ] table-name FROM filename [ USING DELIMITERS delim ]
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例子: COPY customers FROM customers.csv;
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EXPLAIN
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語法:
sql-statement ::=
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EXPLAIN sql-statement
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PRAGMA
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語法:
sql-statement ::=
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PRAGMA name [ = value] | PRAGMA function ( arg )
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VACUUM
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語法:
sql-statement ::=
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VACUUM [index-or-table-name]
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ATTACH DATABASE
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附加一個數據庫到當前的數據庫連接。
語法:
sql-statement ::=
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ATTACH [ DATABASE ] database-filename AS database-name
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DETTACH DATABASE
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從當前的數據庫分離一個使用ATTACH DATABASE附加的數據庫。
語法:
sql-command ::=
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DETACH [ DATABASE ] database-name
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